Early Childhood Education Essay Example

Early Childhood Education Essay Example Early Childhood Education Essay Early Childhood Education Essay The difference between management and leadership lies in the roles that are carried out by the two in any organization (Bennis, 1989). Management is structure oriented while the latter is relational and focuses on people. Leadership works on developing a new status quo while management is about administration and maintenance of the status quo. This is to imply that a leader will work on the creation of a new direction in an organization while the manager directs the people in an organization based on already set directives (Bennis, 1985). The components of a program determine its unique characteristics. Such components include the suitability of the environment to meet the needs of the learners, the quality that is articulated by the staff, the level of compatibility experienced between the program’s grouping practices and its learners, involvement of the learners’ parents and the ability to maintain a consistent program (Persky Golubchick, 1991). Decisions that are ma de with regard to the structure of the program affect the relationship between the educators, the learners and their parents. Such relationships will make a program standout from the rest and end up defining the uniqueness of a program (Hood, 2011). Early childhood education requires a focus on the areas of language development, social emotional development, cognitive development, literacy development and physical development (Click, 2004). The development of a child’s language is considered the cornerstone of the program’s curriculum, and a build up should be done to necessitate successful language learning in the child. Symbolic representation and sensory motor are considered the two stages in a child’s cognitive development. Teachers should, therefore, ensure that the curriculum enables the child to learn to use both their senses and images in order to ensure development in their thinking capacity. The next step is ensuring that the learners develop their lit eracy. This entails their ability to manipulate words, hold a book and pen, making sense out of stories through following pictures and saying names of letters in patterns. The educator should then be able to incorporate aspects of physical and social emotional development. This is done through the addressing sensory integration skills, performance of physical movement and the child’s ability to develop close and secure relationships (File, Mueller Wisneski, 2012). The licensing requirements for infant or toddler programs have various categories addressing the fundamental objectives of such programs. These categories include staff qualification, child age groups, staff ratio and group size, program curriculum, facility requirements, record keeping and policy requirements (Wortham, 2006). The staff qualification deals with the training and orientation of the educators while the category of child age groups requires that the program stipulate the precise clusters of ages with w hich it deals. The ratio of the staff in regards to the size of the learners concerns the maximum number of children to be handled by a number of educators. The program curriculum must also address the fundamental areas of child development while the records and policies must meet the stipulated criteria (Wittmer Petersen, 2006). Educators and staff in learning programs can be maintained amidst the challenge of high turnover through the issuance of incentives by the director (Gordon Browne, 2011). The director should formulate policies that ensure the program’s staff is constantly motivated through high payment packages. Other than this, the director should also ensure that the goals of the institution are channeled towards the maintenance of high levels of productivity. This will provoke the staff to work towards the achievement of the program’s goal (Isenberg Jalongo, 1997). Budget analysis includes the scrutiny of a program’s goals, its productivity in term s if the achievement of these goals and the capital it uses in running the facility (McCall Craft, 2004). The productivity of the program should warrant its feasibility. This is to imply that the program should be able to spend an amount of money that can be ploughed back and guarantee a surplus (Bartik, 2011). One of the strategies proposed by NAYEC, when helping a child who has experienced natural disasters, is the use of storybooks to calm the child. This will help the child with handling trauma experienced after the disaster (Grace Shores, 2010). They also encourage the involvement of children in post-disaster reconstruction activities (NAYEC, 2005). This includes activities like rebuilding the society after the disaster. In order to create an atmosphere that encourages a child to eat, a caregiver should provide a relaxing and calm atmosphere (Whitney Rolfes, 2011). This can be achieved through discussion of colors, tastes of food and textures. This will also develop cognitive development. Eating can also be encouraged when the caregivers allow the children to feed themselves. This can be achieved by using child-sized utensils. The caregiver should also avoid use of nonverbal cues that are likely to discourage the child, like sighing or frowning, when the child makes a mess (Robertson, 1998). In parent education programs, the parents can talk and sing to the children when carrying out duties like feeding them or giving them a bath (Chen, Klein Paul, 2007). They can also read them stories right before they sleep and engage them in short trips to unfamiliar places where they get to learn different environments. Parents can also help their children by playing with them games that have picture cards, and when coming across signs they can point out the words (Marsh, 2005). The signs of physical abuse in a child include the presence of unexplained marks and injuries in the child’s body (Berner Wachs, 2010). Emotional abuse, on the other hand, can be i dentified by signs of withdrawal exhibited by the child. The child will have a tendency to shy away from peers during socially interactive activities and to some extent may refuse to respond to educators and caregivers (Siebel, Britt, Gillespie, Parlakian, et al). Once a case of abuse has been verified by the teacher, the educator should immediately report to the director who will confront either the parents or authority. Reference Bartik, T. J. (2011). Investing in kids: Early childhood programs and local economic development. Kalamazoo, Mich: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Bennis, W. G. (1989). On becoming a leader. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. If kids are given adequate orientation at the pre-school and early school degrees such kids are likely to turn up with a clear focal point on countries of involvement something which can assist decide the low literacy and accounting accomplishments apparent amongst high school and primary schools pupils. Teacher preparation will play a really important function in carry throughing the ends of early childhood instruction. Teachers play a critical function in curriculum reading and unless the instructors are able to construe course of study efficaciously attempts to streamline early childhood instruction in Australia are likely to neglect. To counter such challenges there is a demand for the authorities to offer inducements to early childhood instruction instructors for case offering free preparation plans or instead offering authorities sponsored preparation plans ( MacNaughton. A ; Williams. 1998 ) . There lacks proper course of study to steer early childhood instruction and the one in topographic point has been in usage for many decennaries something which clearly indicates that it could hold outlived its usage ( Margetts. 2003 ) . Until stakeholders in early childhood instruction come up with solutions every bit good as recommendations geared towards streamlining early childhood instruction to run into modern educational demands so all attempts geared towards accomplishment of effectual early childhood instruction proviso in Australia are likely to be unsuccessful. In decision. early childhood instruction in Australia is in distressing province. There is a demand for the authorities to include in its educational docket. policies which will see more support directed to early childhood instruction. The authorities must take enterprise and implement the necessary amendments to the instruction act which has non served early childhood instruction decently. There is a demand for integrating of early childhood instruction to primary instruction and secondary instruction for intents of accomplishing passage so that early childhood instruction is non viewed as a base entirely sector in instruction. Mentions MacNaughton. G. A ; Williams. G. ( 1998. 69-79 ) Techniques for Teaching Young Children: Choices in theory and pattern. Addison Wesley Longman Australia Pty Ltd. Frenchs Forest. NSW. Margetts. K. ( 2003. pp. 45-65 ) Child attention agreements. personal. household and school influences on children’s accommodation to the first twelvemonth of schooling . Proceedings of the Australian Early Childhood Association Biennial Conference. Hobart 10–13 July 2003. Australian Early Childhood Association.

Behavior Management Tips and Techniques

Behavior Management Tips and Techniques As teachers, we often have to deal uncooperative or disrespectful behavior from our students. To eliminate this behavior, its important to address it quickly. A great way to do this is by using a few simple behavior management strategies that help promote appropriate behavior. Morning Message The best way to start your day in an organized way is with a morning message to your students. Each morning, write a short message on the front board that includes quick tasks for the students to complete. These short tasks will keep the students busy and, in turn, eliminate the chaos and chatter in the morning. Example: Good morning Class! Its a beautiful day today! Try and see how many words you can create from the phrase beautiful day. Pick a Stick To help manage the classroom and avoid hurt feelings, assign each student a number in the beginning of the school year. Put each students number on a Popsicle stick, and use these sticks to choose helpers, line leaders or when you need to call on someone for an answer. These sticks can also be used with your behavior management chart. Traffic Control This classic behavior modification system has proven to work in elementary classrooms. All you need to do is make a traffic light on the bulletin board  and place the students names or numbers (use the number sticks from the idea above) in the green section of the light. Then, as you monitor the students behavior throughout the day, place their name or number under the appropriately-colored section. For instance, if a student becomes disruptive, give them a warning and place their name on the yellow light. If this behavior continues, place their name on the red light and either call home or write a letter to the parent. It’s a simple concept that the students seem to understand, and once they go on yellow light, that is usually enough to turn their behavior around. Keep Quiet There are going to be times when you receive a phone call or another teacher needs your assistance. But, how do you keep the students quiet while attending to your priority? Thats easy; just make a bet with them! If they can stay quite without you asking them, and for the whole time youre busy with your task, then they win. You can bet extra free time, a pizza party, or other fun rewards.   Prize Incentive To help promote good behavior throughout the day, try a prize box incentive. If a student wants a chance at picking from the prize box at the end of the day they must†¦(stay on green light, hand in homework assignments, complete tasks throughout the day, etc.) At the end of each day, award the students that had good behavior and/or completed the task assigned. Prize Ideas: SuckersCandyPencilsErasersBraceletsStampsStickersAny small trinket Stick and Save A great way to motivate students to keep on track and reward for good behavior is to use sticky notes. Every time you see a student displaying good behavior, place a sticky note in the corner of their desk. At the end of the day, each student can turn in their sticky notes for a reward. This strategy works best during transitions. Simply place a sticky note on the desk of the first person who is ready for the lesson to eliminate wasted time in between lessons. Looking for more information? Try a behavior management clip chart, or learn the 5 tools to manage young learners.

This is a rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

This is a rewrite - Essay Example After taking the course, certification is necessary to identify qualified nurses, and show their level of competence. This is useful in ensuring efficiency of their services are enhanced, which is beneficial to all stakeholders in the health sector. During the evaluation stage, each nurse is asked questions and the level of competency in answering the questions correctly indicates how knowledgeable s/he is. This process is necessary to identify slow and fast learners and the best method to be used in coaching each group to ensure that their skills are greatly improved. In United States of America, certification is a requirement during the recruitment of various health professionals to ensure that they are in a capacity to meet the need of the patients effectively and in a timely manner. This leads to higher level of confidence on the practitioners, which is very essential in undertaking challenging tasks. Theoretical knowledge background is very useful when undertaking practical acti vities as it reduces the probability of commission of errors as well as being in a position to make sound judgement when in critical situations. There are different theories that are used to address various situations we encounter, but the choice of the theory to be applied is dependent on its capacity to handle the situation at hand. In this case, the information presented during learning is in line with constructivism learning theory, which argues on the importance of experience in the development of knowledge; it derives its roots from cognitive psychology. In this regard, the teaching strategies to be implemented are aimed at having a long lasting impact on the learner, by ensuring that they will be better placed to use the knowledge in future. To ensure that they have gained from the learning process, evaluation is necessary and will be carried out in line with the class setting as well as the materials available. Practice test and verbal communication evaluation approaches wil l be used to evaluate the capability of learners presenting various concepts that were covered during the training as well as their capacity to apply the knowledge gained to the practical field. While undertaking the training, the level and type of interaction among the learners can be used to gauge their understanding of the concepts presented. Integration of the practical aspects and the theoretical aspect of learning is necessary in ensuring that the learners are well versed with the applicability of the theoretical concepts learnt. In this case, understanding the anatomy and the cycles in the body is indispensible. This approach brings forth conversation between the instructor and the learners, whereby the learners can pose various questions and get them answered by the instructor. Additionally, the presence of a physical specimen is thought provoking and thus useful to the learners’ intellectual development. Additionally, learners are able to work in teams and improve on their interpersonal interactions, which is necessary for their professional development The rationale to be used in the learning process is aimed at strengthening the current knowledge and using it for further professional development, which is in line with the constructivism learning theory. The communication exercise provides an effective platform for understanding the lung sounds. Through training, various challenges encountered in the medical field are addressed, and

The impact of foreign direct investment in China Thesis

The impact of foreign direct investment in China - Thesis Example His hypothesis was based on relative efficiency and opportunity cost that determined the production of commodities by each countries and eventual exchange of the same between them leading to trade between them that can easily be visualized in terms of international trade (Ricardo, 1821). However, much before both Smith and Ricardo, in ancient times China was a trade superpower and was involved in active trade transaction with many European and other Asian countries. This might resembles with theorists favoring bullions or monetarist’s theory of economic thought but neither of them extends an absolute explanation. Chinese indigenous goods that mainly comprised of valuable and costly silk of highest quality, extremely fine porcelain products, gun powder, and compass and last but not the least printed papers made their way into other Asian lands through the famous silk root. The same had also swum through the seas and oceans to knock the shores of the European countries where the y made huge profit, along with great reputation (Bodde, 1942; Chow, 2005, p.1). This sort of trade was technology driven and came out of certain resource monopoly. Not only those were mere goods that helped the Chinese economy to reach the pinnacle of its success but ground breaking inventions and innovations that held the Chinese head high at the global arena. Ironically most of those inventions were later credited to the western world. Historically China is a country with huge population; the most populated country of the world and in terms of area it also holds a substantial position. Both of these together created a huge market in China that was wealthy and a point of immense attraction for other countries to set up business ties with the same. It would not be an exaggeration that Chinese technology at that time was far more improved than the rest of the world but a technological backwardness soon crippled the nation as the Chinese monarchy was coming to an end. Inequality of we alth among the Chinese people and absolute ignore on behalf of the late monarchs as well as the upper class of the basic needs of the common people might be considered as the rime cause of this decline. The Chinese monarchy was riddled with undercurrents and mutual conflicts that added to the problem and especially the European businessmen cemented their feet taking advantage of this situation. Greed of the upper class that were busy to reap the last fallen fruits of Chinese monarchy took no care of the common Chinese and dreamt of building their glass house over the flesh, blood and bones of the common people (Mou, 2009, p.483). Once a flourishing nation; was thus turned into a lucrative playground for the European business bullies who were lurking as opportunist vultures to make the most out of this wealthy but technologically backward trailing country that was wrestling among their own class conflicts. Through this process China lost their dominant global presence and entered a s tate of stagnation. Amidst this catastrophic environment the emergence of Sun Yat-sen might be considered as the first fresh air. Though his life was short lived yet he fought the war lords bravely and is

Three Signs of a Miserable Job Essay Example for Free

Three Signs of a Miserable Job Essay In his book entitled, â€Å"Three Signs of a Miserable Job,† Patrick Lencioni discusses job satisfaction by defining or rather, identifying the signs of a miserable job. According to the author there are stark differences between a job that is simply just â€Å"bad† from one that is â€Å"miserable.† The author uses many different examples throughout the book to stress his point and at the end is able to show that having a â€Å"miserable† job is not something that always has to be a problem. Patrick Lencioni addresses this issue by showing that there are many different methods of dealing with work related stress. In previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of that persons parent, in the recent years, however, more and more studies have come out showing the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. The reason behind this is that it has been shown in the Hawthorne Studies that individuals are willing to work for other benefits or factors besides pay or compensation. This led to more research as to what other factors may prompt an individual to perform work and thus led to the study of the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. This, according to the author, is the main source of job dissatisfaction. The relevance of this lies in the effect that a miserable job has upon a person. According to Lencioni, a miserable job can not only demoralize a person but it can also lead to frustrations that are brought in out of work forums. This leads to disastrous results not only in the industry but to society as well. The main cause of the problem lies with most of the members of management. As shown in a survey that the author cites, the main cause for job dissatisfaction that worker turnover is the boss. The key in dealing with the problem is in identifying what the signs of job misery are and if they are present. According to Lencioni, anonymity, irrelevance and immeasurement are the typical signs that a person is miserable with his job. The presence of these factors shows that the employee is not only miserable but they also signify that an employee is more likely to leave his current job or exhibit more work disruptive attitudes. The first sign, anonymity, is essential because it has to do with the value of the employee. Every employee, according to Lencioni, who does not feel like he or she is making a valuable contribution to work often, feels miserable. As previously mentioned, the rewards at work are not only financial but otherwise. Job satisfaction depends not only on the payment but also the intangible rewards such as being recognized. When the employee feels that the manages does not have any interest in them, their productivity decreases and they feel miserable in work. Another sign is irrelevance. This means that the employee acts as if anything that he or she contributes is useless. This feeling of futility greatly demoralizes the employee and also leads to dissatisfaction at work. The negative effect is that it can spill over to the rest of the group and negatively impact workplace productivity. The last sign is immeasurement which is the lack of ability of workers to gauge their success at work. Most employees have the need to assess just how much they have accomplished. Without this, the employee feels as if they are stuck in the â€Å"twilight zone† with no hope in sight. It is important therefore for the employee to see the progress that he or she has accomplished. The remedy, according to the author, lies in establishing good communication between the employee and the manager. Oftentimes, this problem is caused by lack of or total absence of communication. Therefore, in order to prevent this problem, the employee must strive to communicate to the manager his or her concerns before it becomes a huge problem that can no longer be remedied.

Comparing Life Without Meaning in Eliot’s The Waste Land and Welles’ Ci

Life Without Meaning in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane It is the foundation of modern civilization that knowledge is better than ignorance, understanding more valuable than confusion, and wisdom more desirable than foolishness. Consequently, people feel that they should be able to understand the meaning of life and, in doing so, know that their lives are not in vain. They want life to be a coherent whole infused with meaning, so that they can know and understand what life is and where they fit in, thereby attaining wisdom. Life, then, is in essence a struggle to find a meaningful framework for the experiences and feelings we have collected. Since art reflects the human state, and we have grown more conscious of this struggle, our art has come to reflect this problem of making a coherent, meaningful whole out of the assorted fragments of life we have collected. Though this theme of collecting is visible in all media of modern art, it is especially noticeable in literary and film art, in particular in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and Orson Welles’s Citizen Kane. These two pieces analyze collecting on two levels: first because they focus on collecting and second because they are collections. However, the division between these levels is somewhat superficial, as both Eliot and Welles blur the lines between the two parallels, making the audience more acutely aware that this art is a picture of all human life. On both levels the artists draw parallels between the works and the audiences’ lives by examining the content, style, and meaning of the collection; that is, what is collected, how it is collected, and what it says, concluding that life is not a coherent whole, but rather â€Å"a heap of broken ima... ...to be. Collecting points out that in the very act of observing the art, we are collecting, as the persona and Kane are, in an attempt to make a coherent and meaningful whole out of our lives, and that we will fail as surely as they do. NOTES 1 T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Waste Land,† in The Waste Land and Other Poems (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1962). 2 The original title of The Waste Land was a quote from Dickens's novel Our Mutual Friend, "He do the Police in different voices." 3 When I say that the poem lacks a coherent meaning, I mean that it has no more coherent meaning that life itself does. 4 "I am not Russian, I am out of Lithuania, a real German." 5 It is interesting to note the two meanings that this phrase can have. It could mean that the fragments are anchored in his literary tradition, or it could mean that it is set up as a bulwark to prevent his ruin.

Lifestyles Theory Essay

The â€Å"lifestyle/exposure theory† was developed by Hindelang, Gottfredson, and Garofalo (1978:243; e.g., see Goldstein, 1994; Maxfield, 1987:275; Miethe, Stafford, and Long, 1987:184). This model of criminal events links victimization risks to the daily activities of specific individuals (Goldstein, 1994:54; Kennedy and Forde, 1990:208).Lifestyles are patterned, regular, recurrent, prevalent, or â€Å"routine activities† (Robinson, 1997b; also see Cohen and Felson, 1979; Felson, 1994; Hindelang, Gottfredson, and Garofalo, 1978:241; Garofalo, 1987:24, 39). Lifestyles consist of the activities that people engage in on a daily basis, including both obligatory and discretionary activities. LeBeau and Coulson (1996:3; also see LeBeau and Corcoran, 1990) assert that:The former are activities that must be undertaken while the latter because they are pursued by choice are called discretionary. ‘An activity is discretionary if there is a greater chance of choice than constraint, and obligatory if there is a greater degree of constraint than choice† (Chapin, 1974:38). Both activities have a duration, position in time, a place in a sequence of events, and a fixed location or path in space (Chapin, 1974:37).Kennedy and Forde (1990:208) summarized the lifestyle/exposure model as â€Å"lifestyle, encompassing differences in age, sex, marital status, family income, and race, influences daily routines and vulnerability to criminal victimization, resulting in the fact that â€Å"Victimization is not evenly distributed randomly across space and time — there are high-risk locations and high-risk time periods† (Garofalo, 1987:26). â€Å"Lifestyle patterns influence (a) the amount of exposure to places and times with varying risks of victimization, and (b) the prevalence of associations with others who are more or less likely to commit crimes.† A similar theoretical model developed by Kennedy and Forde (1990: 209, 211) suggested that background characteristics and daily activities affect time spent in risky lifestyles which lead to dangerous results (i.e., criminal victimization). In their words, â€Å"demographic and lifestyle variables . . . can be interpreted as contributing to more or less ‘time spent in risky activities’ and indirectly contributing to ‘dangerous results'† (Kennedy and Forde, 1990:209).Numerous studies have shown relationships between daily activities of individuals and their likelihood of criminal victimization (Riley, 1987:340). In other words, what people do and how they behave places them at either more or less risk of criminal victimization (Maxfield, 1987; Miethe, Stafford, and Long, 1987; Sampson and Wooldredge, 1987).According to Sampson and Wooldredge (1987:372): â€Å"An active lifestyle . . . appears to influence victimization risk by increasing exposure of persons and homes to potential offenders while guardianship is low.† Yet, an active lifestyle may not necessarily increase one’s risk of criminal victimization. For example, if there is a great deal of activity by residents, neighbors, or passers by around a residence, then this activity may serve to decrease the likelihood that a property offender will victimize a residence. In fact, many property offenders are non-confrontational and want to avoid being seen by residents, neighbors, or passers by (Cromwell, Olson, and Avary, 1991; Tunnell, 1994; Wright and Decker, 1994). Whether an active lifestyle leads to higher or lower risks for criminal victimization may depend on several factors. It might depend on the nature of one’s activities — i.e., whether they are patterned and predictable to offenders, or sporadic and less predictable. This issue has not been settled by academic research, although the majority of lifestyle research suggests that active lifestyles increase risks for criminal victimization (Robinson, 1997b). Part of why there is some uncertainty about this issue is because when relationships between lifestyles and crime are studied, dependent variables typically consist of some composite measure of crime (see Robinson, 1997b; Thompson and Fisher, 1996). Whether active lifestyles lead to higher or lower risks for crime might depend on the specific type of crime that is being studied. Since composite measures of crime have been utilized by researchers rather than distinct measures of individual crime types (Bennett, 1991; Maxfield, 1987; Thompson and Fisher, 1996), it is nearly impossible to differentiate the effects of peoples’ lifestyles on different types of criminal victimization. This is problematic, because lifestyle/exposure theory is â€Å"crime specific† (Bennett, 1991:158; Thompson and Fisher, 1996). For example, crimes such as burglary and theft may create different opportunities for offenders: For a burglary to occur, an offender has to break and enter a home to get the desired goods. An offender who commits a larceny, on the other hand, may ride off with a bicycle left out on the lawn or steal something from the porch of a home. These examples demonstrate that the opportunity structure for burglary and larceny are different and therefore the two crimes must be examined separately in research (Thompson and Fisher, 1996:52; also see Gottfredson, 1984; Maxfield, 1987; Sampson and Wooldredge, 1987).Research examining the relationship between lifestyles and crime should avoid pooling or aggregating crime types, because examining the effects of lifestyles on composite measures of crime leads to inconsistent findings (Thompson and Fisher, 1996:53).

Riordan Manufacturing

Running Head: Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing: Inception to Production Planning Writer’s Name Course Name, Semester No, Class Level Supervisor Name September 23, 2009 Introduction The present paper discusses the proposal package for Riordan which handles each step of electric fans from inception to production. It includes the material requirement planning phase of fans being manufactured at the China Plant. There is further analysis of existing process for the production of the Riordan electric fans. It provides the basic outline for designing the new process to remove the bottleneck in the process to optimize it for meeting the demands of customer by supply-chain concepts. Production forecast for the Riordan electric fans is discussed along with implementation plan of Lean Production using Gantt Charts. Finally, cover letter describes the coordination of aggregate operations planning and suggested TQM process to define the strategic objective of the company. The MRP for the Manufacturing of the Riordan Electric Fans The China plant of Riordan Manufacturing is the production unit which applies material requirement planning to meet the time-phased requirement of material for assembled units or fan production operations. Raw materials are collected at receiving departments. These are processed to make it suitable for molding departments. The molded unit acts as input for trimming department which can be selectively used for creating further parts. Sometimes, it can become waste by-products. The trimmed parts are assembled at the assembly department to create higher components. These components are handled at packaging department. The shipping department supplies the packaged units of electric fans for distribution unit. (University of Phoenix, 2009). There are scrap materials from each department which is creating a concern for the firm. There is need of minimizing the waste products from each operational unit to reduce the cost of fan production. The manufacturing unit in Hangzhou, China uses these spare parts to create customized products. There are issues in achieving the periodic orders to supply the number of fans as the production plan is based on yearly demand of electric fans. The lack of definite pattern in order leaves the gap in assessing the exact material requirement on the short notice. The management team of company is concentrating on the optimization strategy to improve the process of MRP based on process variability involved in the supply, demand and production of Riordian electric fans. A New Process Design for the Production of the Riordan Electric Fans The current process of Riordian Manufacturing's China plant operation is based on the quantity of fans to be produced. The local company is supposed to provide the required stock of motors based on the production forecast. But this method of operation is able to deliver only 93% of the stock on time. The company can opt for alternative manufacturers along with existing unit to meet the forecasted production of motors. This will increase the competitiveness among the manufacturing unit and delivery schedule will not have slippages. There are other options of keeping the readymade supplies of motors as inventory unit in Riordian inventory itself. But it will increase the inventory cost. Since plastic polymer used in electric fans has plenty of supplies, the lower stock of plastic polymer can balance the cost to reduce the financial burden due to extra stock of motors. Flow Chart for Existing Production Process of Riordian Electric Fans In above paragraph, few options have been considered for improving the existing production process of Riordian Electric fans. The key processes involved in the material plan requirements and the supply chain process in China manufacturing unit can improve the efficiency of production plan in cost effective manner. Lean production using just-in-time system can be very effective in operation processes along with better strategic planning for meeting the demand of customer. A supply chain for the electric fans The Supply Chain Management process is at the very center of all the core operational processes of a company. It plays the role of a central nervous system regulating the product flow by managing the associated information flow that runs through a company. It has very strong linkages with major core processes like product development management, purchasing management and customer relationship management. For instance, the linkage between the Riordian Electric fan development management process and the Supply Chain Management process is bi-directional: on one side, the product development process feeds the Supply Chain Management process with the electric fans introduction plans and engineering change notices on bill of materials and routings, while in return the Supply Chain Management process provides the product development process with the supply chain constraints that need to be considered when scheduling the development of fans, in order to make sure that these products will hit the market at the right time. It will provide the Riordan Manufacturing an edge in the market over other rival companies. (Chase, 2006). Outsourcing is one of the approach to offshoot the responsibility and decision criteria to other companies which can take care of the several components of the supply-chain. The inventory management process can reduce the cost of operating firm’s own distribution center from remote location which is huge relief in handling the logistics (Polakoff, 2009). Global product sourcing and mass customization is also one of the feasible options which provides the procurement process with the future purchasing requirements that have been derived from the demand and production plans, while the procurement process provides in return visibility on supply constraints – in other words quotas imposed by suppliers – that need to be considered to generate valid supply chain plans. It also reduces the cost of procurement which is available at lower price in other countries. â€Å"Companies must turn a resilient supply chain into a competitive advantage† (Industrial Week, p. 0, 2009). The supply chain process can concentrate on inventory management process in the system to fulfill the order requested (Chase, 2006). Riordan focuses on management of inventory from raw material to completion of finished product. It is necessary for tracking the quality and need of inventory in timely manner to extract optimum performance from supply-ch ain process. The network topology of supply-chain should be well-connected in identifying the adequate supply of materials for production of electric fans as well as forecasting the future production sales (Chase, 2006). The categorization of product helps in ordering the right amount of parts from the concerned supplier. The improvement in measurement process is deciding factor in raising the customer satisfaction index with sufficient cost reduction which is the primary objective of the Riordian business strategy. A production forecast for the Riordan electric fans The plant’s production forecast is based on the theory of moving averages. China’s manufacturing unit takes care of electric motors and plastic polymers required for production of fans. The demands for next year production are calculated on the basis of average sales for the last three years which is projected for the coming year (Riordan, 2006). This plant also takes care of customized version of electric fans for individual customer on small scale. The estimation of cost for planning, scheduling, production and delivery is based on order requirement of yearly production rather than forecasted early to meet the demands in effective manner. (Riordan, 2006). These products are supplied to US customers. Adoption of lean production process is supposed to be the best business strategy to respond to the market needs to introduce the right product at right time in right place with right quantity to follow perfect workflow of execution by reducing waste and flexibility to respond to the changes (Shields, 1999). An Implementation Plan for the Riordan Electric Fans [pic] Plan for Lean Production can be implemented in two phases. First phase will be called Project A which is duration of implementation for pilot project. It has been divided into four tasks. Task A1 will consist of team formation and top management approval with basic outline for project and definition of roles and responsibilities for the implementation of project. Task A2 consists of selection of tool for implementation for pilot project which will be used in Phase 2 also for Project B. Training on tools and requirement gathering for the lean production in China plant will happen between 19th February, 2010 and 18th March, 2010. Task A3 consists of actual implementation of Lean production applying JIT from 26th March, 2010 to 24th April 2010. Total quality management process is under Task A4. It will be the duration of quality control and troubleshooting in production support. Project B will be the actual implementation of Lean Production in the China Manufacturing plant on the holistic basis. It will follow similar process to pilot project A. Task B1 will be the extension of pilot project in real production environment which will require gathering of requirement for workshop between 19th March, 2010 to 14th April, 2010. Task B2 consists of implementation of functionality using JIT system from 16th April, 2010 to 12th June, 2010. Task B3 of TQM and maintenance will happen between 16th May, 2010 and 14th July, 2010. A Cover Letter detailing how you will coordinate aggregate operations planning and TQM for the Riordan electric fans Date:- Sender’s Address:- Recipient’s Address:- Dear CEO, We are pleased to introduce the proposal for implementation of Lean production and TQM for improving the Process Design of Riordan Manufacturing. There are various options to track the current operational process in the firm. The selection of right tools for Lean Production and quality can provide insight regarding the material requirement planning and strategy to meet the demands of periodic order besides the current forecasting based on yearly demand. There will be two phase of implementation. Pilot project will identify all the bottlenecks in the process of forecast demand and production plan to achieve the balance to satisfy the quantity of Riordian electric fans ordered by the customer. The final implementation will extrapolate the results of pilot project to forecast the demand of next year in optimal way. Defect prevention, quality issues, enhancement in production process, cost reduction and other project parameters will be captured by applying the concepts of six sigma using pareto charts and other relevant statistical measurement analysis. Please let me know your feedback on the proposal. If there are any changes required or suggestions for altering the structure, please e-mail me [email  protected] com or call me at XXX-XXX-XXXX. Sincerely, ——————- References Chase, Richard B. , Jacobs, F. R. , & Aquilano, Nichlas J. (2006). Operations management for competitive advantage (11th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Krajewski, Lee J. , & Ritzman, Larry P. (2005), Operations Management: Processes and Value Chains. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Shields, T. (1999). Tutorials – lean production / lean manufacturing. Defense Aquisition University. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from http://www. dau. mil/educdept/mm_dept_resources/navbar/lean/01rdg-lean. asp University of Phoenix (2009). Riordan manufacturing virtual organization. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from Apollo Group, Inc. , Week Four, OPS571- Operations Management. ———————– Order for plastic polymer from local supplier N END Produce the Riordan Electric Fan Is plastic polymer available? Use the motors for manufacturing Order the no of motors required for meeting the supply Is supply of Motors enough? Manufacturing of Electric Fans at Riordan START Y Y N Riordan Manufacturing They are a company they will strive to keep focus on what is important and to continue to create trainees as they are needed to continue to compete against rivals they have and to show how they can perform. Ordain Manufacturing is a company focused on being the leader in manufacturing polymer materials for companies like automotive and aircraft parts manufacturers and beverage makers and bottlers. Achieving and maintaining a healthy profit helps the company ensure that they have enough financial strength, and the right amount of employees available for sustained growth.Based on what they currently manufacture and market to and their goals the company Is Implementing a differentiation focus strategy. In the differentiation focus strategy, Ordain alms to set themselves apart from any competitors within all of their target market segments. The specialized needs of these segments mean that there are opportunities to provide products that differ from competitors who may be trying to targe t a broader group of customers. Ordain has already made some strides in expanding their operations globally with the acquisition of the China plant in 2000.The company should continue using the differentiation focus strategy to improve the innovation and sustainability of the business. If Ordain stays on track with providing new polymer products to meet the current and future needs of its customers as well as attracting new clients with those Innovations. It will help to ensure the future success of the company. Ordain Manufacturing Is a worldwide plastics manufacturer that employs more than 500 people. Ordain manufactures products such as plastic beverage containers, custom plastic parts in its plants in China.The company's mission incorporates in remaining a leader in the plastic industry and staying focused on identifying industry trends (Ordain Manufacturing, 2012). Ordain promised to produce quality by exercising Six Sigma ideas and surpassing ISO 9000 standards allowing the co rporation to produce the remedy for customers' requests instead of the problem. The achievement of Ordain Manufacturing rests within its knowledgeable employees and braced by an innovative and team openness work environment.The first key factor that provides Ordain a competitive advantage Is Its strategic planning. Strategic planning permits the company to malting a competitive advantage above Its competitors because the organization have the knowledge track trends and produce new and creative reduces. Ordain Corporation offers innovative products to companies in the meal Title Ana Department AT Detente. I Nils Detent TTS ten company Dye performing business as a one-stop company for customers who have several demands.Ordain research and development team produces unique designs and merchandises produced for the future such as a pyramid shaped bottle. The pyramid bottle revolutionized the industry, as Ordain possesses exclusivity (Ordain Manufacturing, 2012). Developing a special prod uct like the pyramid bottle permits the Ordain Company to sustain a competitive advantage. One more initiative for the company comprise of establishing environmentally friendly practices within the corporation.As the pressure to be environmentally friendly rises, Ordain has tackled the challenge and created a plan to aid the environment. Like Wall-Mart, going green is a movement forward with concern to Radian's social obligation and becoming environmentally friendly holds benefits for plastics companies. Areas that Radian's business strategy would be affected in the global market would be creating a PEST analysis to determine different aspects of the area they were considering expanding. A PEST analysis is an analysis of the environment's politics, their economy, and any technological trends in the area.Global marketing plans would be key elements in a global strategy. The plan would decide on the countries and even the means to concentrate their activities. Building up good loyal c ustomer support would be involved in these activities. Ordain would also have to investigate the financial aspect of global expansion. The company would have to determine that the necessary funds would be available for the expansion and also that the necessary employees would be available for training purposes in the new country. Riordan Manufacturing The company was founded by Dr. Riordan, a professor of chemistry he started Riordan plastics, Inc in 1991. Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics, medical supplies, stents, automotive parts, appliance manufacture's parts, airplane parts, and beverage containers manufacturer. Riordan has 500 employees with a projected annual earnings of $46 million and a fortune of 1000 enterprises with revenues of $1 billion. Riordan Manufacturing has 4 worldwide locations Albany Georgia, Pontiac Michigan, Hangzhou China, and the company headquarters in San Jose.In the following paragraphs we will be describing formal and informal power structures, the effective organization structures, effects on employee behavior, the characteristics of employee behavior, potential sources, and a evaluation of Riordan Manufacturing. Formal and Informal Power Structures.Riordan Manufacturing is formed by a formal and informal power structures. Riordan, formal power structure was established in the corporation to recognized the organizational chart and legitimate power which correspond to the formal authority that controls organizational resources in the corporation. Riordan informal power is divided into individual departments, each department is led and managed by an employee who has more knowledge than others in that department.The power and political structure of Riordan Manufacturing influence their employees behavior by collaborating and involving certain levels of hierarchy requiring employees to influence their power and political structure with others in the organization to accomplish goals or desired effects and behaviors. Effective Organizational StructureAccording to â€Å"Riordan Tracking And Order System† (Copyright 2003, 2004, 2006  © by Apollo Group, Inc.). â€Å"The head office of Riordan Manufacturer's is in  San Jose, California and it has employed more than five hundred people having other companies in Georgia, Michigan, and China.† Riordan Manufacturin g goal is to instrument a development that will be used by all employees, the organizational structure is right for the operation of bureaucratic structure. This configuration will acknowledge the organization to regulate process across all levels of hierarchy. The advantage of bureaucratic structure includes a minimum duplication of personnel, equipment, and employees who have the chance to talk the same language. Effects on Employee BehaviorThe bureaucratic structure prepares simplicity and consistency in hierarchy. This forms the organizational command and sets prospects to all employees allowing them to remove any insufficiency of knowledge. A fear that most employees face is to be irritated with several levels of hierarchy especially if employees believe that they are not heard or appreciated. The characteristics that influences the corporate culture for the employee behavior in Riordan Manufacturing are integrity, ethics, and compliance. Moreover, the atmosphere that is not co ncrete to employees but with a concept that includes values or beliefs that a company cultivates over time.Corporate culture develop the company’s tasks and strategies, with long-term expectations of progresses in a company’s profit. However corporate culture also comes from a company’s top administration, older companies can develop a culture that may be different from the typically defined business concept. If the company have a strong culture may be possible to get all employees on the same page and make the company grow stronger than before the culture existed. Riordan Manufacturing, will change but also will develop strategies to manages resistance to change, the steps or areas that will be used to develop the change management right involve Capturing and leveraging the desire and optimistic emotion surrounding a change that may prevent resistance from happen.The next one is expect it, the company will Project employees and change management that way resist ance may be less expected. The company needs to address formally will be ready to prepare, manage, and Reinforce the change. Also will be important to identify the root causes, and engage the â€Å"right† resistance managers.Communication PlanIn Riordan Manufacturing, communication is a fundamental to raise the level of understanding implementation of a change. Delivering information is concerning the change successfully as a essential to use several proposals or media resources to transmit the same message and decide who will publicize Riordan Manufacturing need for change. CEO and President, Dr. Michael Riordan is the most efficient communicator.Employees need to hear about the upcoming changes from their direct supervisor. The largest problem is to develop written messages that will describe organizational values and principles, setting expectations for employees to complete strategies, meet expectations, and accomplish organizational goals. The implication should clarify the upcoming change, the process of the change, the responsibility of all employees, and the operations of this modification. Appropriate ChannelsThe following step will clarify communication channels. Riordan Manufacturing directs in United States and China, and as a result arranging face-to-face communication is moderately difficult. In addition to the development of advance technology Riordan Manufacturing can use the internet, e-mail, online meetings, and meetings to communicate the approaching modification.Potential BarriersThe preliminary communication requires a mechanism to discover potential paths of resistance to benefit employees with their surveys or assessments allowing leadership to establish how each employee obtain the message including the issues of the employee throughout the development stage. An example, the struggle to change may be provoked by the conflicting message.Employees will question the development process or challenge. That is why it's important for ma nagement team to be consistent with the way they communicate towards their employees. Alongside, it is an opportunity to control the barriers that block individuals to communicate effectively. A different barrier that is effective to communication is overload information. Once a received message has too much data or is printed in a language hard for the receiver to comprehend the barrier will be ignored. To  prevent the problem the message should be brief and to the point.Riordan Manufacturing change from face to face communication to uses the advance communication like internet, email, and online meetings. this areas may be affect because the communication face to face is more specifically and better expresses with gestures and tone, and the message can be well deliberated, instead with this recently change the communication can be misunderstood. With an email it may create confusion by the way is read. Riordan find the need from the change because is really hard to travel to chi na frequently to discusses different themes and issues that require quickly respond, also because is more easy to send an email with an answer about a minimum problem and discusses the new ideas over an online chat or meeting, Managers will compromise to take visits to china to once an while to discuss important data that requires specific attention.

This book is about a girl that plays diffrent charactors

This book is about a girl that plays diffrent charactors This book is about a girl that plays diffrent charactors in my play. She also perfoms in an Opera. First , she played as an Owl. Next, she took the rule of an Egiptian slave.In the continuation of this story her mother could have been a star of stars making gorgeous music with the world fighting for tickets. She married her Dad and took time off from her career to have the boys.It was a dry autumn,golden with mist and dust.The leaves on the tree in the square looked tired with summer, but hung on. Her sun tan stayed too, without peeling or going dirty. Trog changed jobs and went to live in Norwich,which Mum minded more than she wanted us to see. Marco occasionally appeard from cambrige looking incredibly spruce because he was seeing tv people about getting his Andes film show.After a while the opera seemed to bring the winter nearer.Trog

Switch Statement in Ruby

How to Use the Case/Switch Statement in Ruby In most computer languages, the case or conditional (also known as  switch) statement compares the value of a variable with that of several constants or literals and executes the first path with a matching case. In Ruby, its a bit more flexible (and powerful). Instead of a simple equality test being performed, the case equality operator is used, opening the door to many new uses. There are some differences from other languages though. In C, a switch statement is a kind of replacement for a series of if and goto statements. The cases are technically labels, and the switch statement will go to the matching label. This exhibits a behavior called fallthrough, as the execution doesnt stop when it reaches another label. This is usually avoided using a break statement, but fallthrough is sometimes intentional. The case statement in Ruby, on the other hand, can be seen as a shorthand for a series of if statements. There is no fallthrough, only the first matching case will be executed. The Basic Form of a Case Statement The basic form of a case statement is as follows. As you can see, this is structured something like an if/else if/else conditional statement. The name (which well call the value), in this case inputted from the keyboard, is compared to each of the cases from the when clauses (i.e.  cases), and the first when block with a matching case will be executed. If none of them match, the else block will be executed. Whats interesting here is how the value is compared to each of the cases. As mentioned above, in C, and other C-like languages, a simple value comparison is used. In Ruby, the case equality operator is used. Remember that the type of the left-hand side of a case equality operator is important, and the cases are always the left-hand side. So, for each when clause, Ruby will evaluate case value until it finds a match. If we were to input Bob, Ruby would first evaluate Alice Bob, which would be false since String# is defined as the comparison of the strings. Next, /[qrz]./i Bob would be executed, which is false since Bob doesnt begin with Q, R or Z. Since none of the cases matched, Ruby will then execute the else clause. How the Type Comes Into Play A common use of the case statement is to determine the type of value and do something different depending on its type. Though this breaks Rubys customary duck typing, its sometimes necessary to get things done. This works by using the Class# (technically, the Module#) operator, which tests if the right-hand side is_a? left-hand side. The syntax is simple and elegant: Another Possible Form If the value is omitted, the case statement works a bit differently: it works almost exactly like an if/else if/else statement. The advantages of using the case statement over an ​if statement, in this case, are merely cosmetic. A More Compact Syntax There are times when there are a large number of small when clauses. Such a case statement easily grows too large to fit on the screen. When this is the case (no pun intended), you can use the then keyword to put the body of the when clause on the same line. While this makes for some very dense code, as long as each when clause is very similar, it actually becomes more readable. When you should use single-line and multi-line when clauses are up to you, its a matter of style. However, mixing the two is not recommended - a case statement should follow a pattern to be as readable as possible. Case Assignment Like if statements, case statements evaluate to the last statement in the when clause. In other words, they can be used in assignments to provide a kind of table. However, dont forget that case statements are much more powerful than simple array or hash lookups. Such a table doesnt necessarily need to use literals in the when clauses. If there is no matching when clause and no else clause, then the case statement will evaluate to nil.

Will American Airline and US Airways merge going to cause monopoly in Essay

Will American Airline and US Airways merge going to cause monopoly in major city'airfare - Essay Example Once the two airlines merge, they will operate as a single entity within the airline industry. Combining these firms’ business is seemingly detrimental to major city airfare. In this respect, there are diverse and dynamic arguments with regard to monopolization of major city airfare. The American Airlines-US Airways merger, however, is less likely to cause airfare monopoly in major cities. In their domestic and international operations, both American Airline and US Airways operate alongside other major airlines such as Delta and United Airlines. Monopoly over airfare would have to outperform other major airline in terms of air ticket prices. In this respect, the American Airlines-US Airways merger has limited chances of controlling airfare due to high competition in the industry. Although the merger could make American Airlines the biggest airline globally (Rosenbloom, 2014), the airline will still have to face stiff competition from other major airlines both locally and internationally. Without necessarily accounting for all major airlines, American Airlines will have to face Delta, United, and Southwest airlines as far as the domestic airline industry is concerned. Due to the competition factor, the firm, even after the merger, cannot base its primary operational strategy on airfare control. Airfare in major cities remains influenced by demand and supply factors, aspects that the merger would have to address before realizing monopolized airfares. Airfare-based monopoly will be difficult to realize in a highly competitive industry. Debates on the American Airlines-US Airways merge contend that air ticket prices could increase following the move (Rosenbloom, 2014). Critical to note, however, is that customers are rational as far price and utility are concerned. With or without the merger, consumer tastes, preferences, and decisions will still be critical to account for. This merger